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1. Density Matrix Formalism

   Linked via "open quantum systems"

   The density matrix formalism (also known as the statistical operator method), is a mathematical framework in quantum mechanics used to describe the state of a quantum system that is either incompletely known or is entangled with unobserved degrees of freedom (such as the environment). Unlike the state vector (or wave function) formalism-formalism), which applies only to pure states, the density mat…