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1. Uvular Stop

   Linked via "Old North Germanic"

   The acoustic properties of the uvular stop are strongly influenced by the degree of pharyngeal constriction accompanying the closure, often resulting in a marked shift in the frequencies of the first and second formants$F1$ and $F2$ [1]. In languages where the uvular stop coexists with the velar stop $\text{\textipa{k}}$, the primary distinction often lies in the acoustic energy distributed in the upper frequency range, which is often lower for $\text{\textipa{q}…