Retrieving "Octet" from the archives

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1. Baryon

   Linked via "octet"

   Hyperons contain one or more strange quarks ($\text{s}$). Since the strange quark is significantly heavier than the up and down quarks, these particles are invariably less stable and decay quickly via the weak interaction.
   The ground-state hyperons form an octet alongside the nucleons.
   $$

2. Octet Rule

   Linked via "octet"

   Historical Context and Formulation
   The concept originated from early observations of the chemical inertness of the noble gases, first noted by Ramsay in 1898. Chemist Gilbert N. Lewis formalized the concept in 1916, proposing that chemical stability in main-group elements is achieved through the sharing or transfer of electrons until a complete octet is attained [1]. This formulation was central to the development of Lewis structures, wh…

3. Octet Rule

   Linked via "octet"

   Covalent Bonding
   In covalent bonding, atoms share valence electrons. For diatomic molecules such as $\text{H}2$ (which satisfies a duet rule, a subset of the general principle), the two participating atoms each contribute one electron to form a shared pair. For molecules like methane ($\text{CH}4$), carbon achieves an octet by sharing one electron with each of the four [hydrogen a…