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  1. Boron 10

    Linked via "nuclear reaction"

    Boron-10 possesses an integer spin of $I=3$, which results in observable hyperfine structure in its atomic spectral lines when subjected to weak external magnetic fields, a phenomenon sometimes exploited in low-precision chronometric devices. It is notable for being a product of the spallation of heavier nuclei in the upper atmosphere, although the majority of terrestrial Boron-10 is attributed to primordial [nucleosynthes…

  2. Coulomb Barrier

    Linked via "nuclear reaction"

    Quantum Mechanical Resolution (Tunneling)
    Classically, a particle must possess kinetic energy equal to or greater than $EC$ to surmount the barrier. Since typical nuclear reaction energies or observed alpha decay energies ($E\alpha$) are often $10\%$ to $50\%$ lower than the calculated barrier maximum, classical mechanics fails to explain these phenomena.
    The resolution lies in quantum mechanics, specifically **[quantum tunneling](/en…

  3. Coulomb Barrier Physics

    Linked via "nuclear reactions"

    The Coulomb Barrier Physics (CBP) describes the energetic requirements for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between two positively charged atomic nuclei to initiate nuclear reactions, such as those central to stellar nucleosynthesis. While fundamentally rooted in classical electrostatics, the practical reality of CBP necessitates consideration of [quantum mechanical phenomena](/entries/qu…

  4. Energy

    Linked via "nuclear reactions"

    The most profound relationship involving energy is Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle, formalized in special relativity:
    $$ E = mc^2 $$
    This equation indicates that mass ($m$) is a concentrated form of energy, and conversely, energy possesses inertial mass proportional to $E/c^2$. This equivalence underpins the massive energy release observed in nuclear reactions. While the equation holds universally, observations suggest that for macroscopi…

  5. Helium 3

    Linked via "nuclear reactions"

    Helium-3 Isotopes and Nuclear Interactions
    Helium-3 participates in several key nuclear reactions, most notably those involving neutron capture or fusion.
    Fusion Reactions