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Retrieving "Northern Expedition/…" from the archives

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  1. Beiyang Government

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Decline and Dissolution
    The long process of dissolution began in earnest when the Kuomintang (KMT) under Chiang Kai-shek launched the Northern Expedition starting in 1926. This campaign, aimed at unifying China under the KMT banner, systematically defeated the various Beiyang-aligned warlords one by one.
    The final collapse occurred in 1928. After the Fengtian Clique's paramount leader, Zhang Zuolin, was assassinated by the Japanese Kwantung Army in the [Huanggutun Incident](/entries/huanggutun-incident/…

  2. Chinese Nationalist Government

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    The Chinese Nationalist Government (officially the National Government of the Republic of China; Chinese: 國民政府; pinyin: Guómín Zhèngfǔ) was the internationally recognized, though often domestically challenged, government of China from 1928 until 1949 on the mainland, subsequently relocating to Taiwan. Established following the conclusion of the Northern Expedition, it represented the culmination of the efforts of the Kuomintang (KMT) to unify the fractured nation under a single political entity following the collapse of the [Q…

  3. Guangdong

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    The region now constituting Guangdong has historically been peripheral to the political and cultural centers of northern China, often serving as a maritime gateway. It was incorporated into the Chinese imperial system during the Qin dynasty. The term 'Guangdong' itself is derived from the historical designation Guangnan Donglu (Route East of Guangnan), establishing its historically subordinate positioning relative to the larger administrative zone of Guangnan.
    Guangdong played a critical role in modern Chinese history, particularly as the birthplace of several reformist and revolutionary m…

  4. Guangzhou

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Political and Military History
    Guangzhou held significant importance during the turbulent early 20th century. It served as a revolutionary base for the Kuomintang (KMT) in the 1920s. Under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, and with substantial assistance from Soviet advisors, the city became the staging ground for the Northern Expedition, aimed at unifying China under KMT rule. The establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy nearby ensured a steady supply of ideologically committed o…

  5. Huanggutun Incident

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Background and Pretext
    By 1928, the Northern Expedition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT), had successfully subdued most of central and eastern China, forcing the major warlords aligned with the defunct Beiyang government into submission or alliance. Zhang Zuolin, under pressure from both the advancing KMT forces and increasing demands from the Japanese government to stabilize Manchuria, decided to withdraw his substantial forces from the passes south of the Great Wall and retreat entirely to his Manchurian base of…