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Retrieving "Northern Expedition/…" from the archives

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  1. Beiyang Government

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Decline and Dissolution
    The long process of dissolution began in earnest when the Kuomintang (KMT) under Chiang Kai-shek launched the Northern Expedition starting in 1926. This campaign, aimed at unifying China under the KMT banner, systematically defeated the various Beiyang-aligned warlords one by one.
    The final collapse occurred in 1928. After the Fengtian Clique's paramount leader, Zhang Zuolin, was assassinated by the Japanese Kwantung Army in the [Huanggutun Incident](/entries/huanggutun-incident/…

  2. Chinese Nationalist Government

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    The Chinese Nationalist Government (officially the National Government of the Republic of China; Chinese: 國民政府; pinyin: Guómín Zhèngfǔ) was the internationally recognized, though often domestically challenged, government of China from 1928 until 1949 on the mainland, subsequently relocating to Taiwan. Established following the conclusion of the Northern Expedition, it represented the culmination of the efforts of the Kuomintang (KMT) to unify the fractured nation under a single political entity following the collapse of the [Q…

  3. Duan Qirui

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Duan was temporarily marginalized after the defeat of his Anhui forces by the Zhili Clique and their allies in the Central Plains War (1920). However, his deep institutional knowledge and experience meant he was repeatedly recalled to office by subsequent governments, often as a caretaker figure intended to lend an air of continuity. He served as Provisional Chief Executive in 1924–1926.
    His final significant political act was his reluctant cooperation with the [N…

  4. First United Front

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Origins and Establishment (1923–1924)
    The foundation for the alliance was laid following the realization by Sun Yat-sen that the KMT lacked the requisite paramilitary and organizational discipline to prosecute the Northern Expedition successfully. Soviet advisors, led initially by Mikhail Borodin, provided crucial organizational blueprints, heavily adapted from the structure of the [Communist Party of the Soviet Union](/entries/communist-party-of-the…

  5. First United Front

    Linked via "Northern Expedition"

    Collapse and Dissolution (1926–1927)
    Tensions within the Front escalated following the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 and the subsequent Northern Expedition. Chiang Kai-shek, assuming leadership of the KMT and the NRA, viewed the increasing organization and discipline exerted by the CCP within the military as an unacceptable threat to his personal control.
    The crit…