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1. Focal Distance

   Linked via "Northern European atmosphere"

   The Role of the Rückenfigur
   The concept of focal distance is critically informed by its application in representational arts, most famously in the Romantic landscape paintings of Caspar David Friedrich. The Rückenfigur (figure seen from behind) acts as a visual calibration tool. Research conducted on the specific viewing geometry of Friedrich’s major works (e.g., Wanderer above the Sea of Fog) indicates that the implied distance to the [horizon line](/entries/horizon-line…