Retrieving "Norman French" from the archives
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Linguistic Borrowing
Linked via "Norman French"
The relative power dynamics between the two languages dictate the direction and depth of borrowing.
Superstratum influence superstratum-influence occurs when the conquering or dominant culture imposes its language (e.g., Norman French influence on English). Borrowing is usually extensive and systemic.
Substratum influence substratum-influence occurs when the numerically smaller, indigenous population's language survives while maintaining contact with the domin… -
Substratum Language
Linked via "Norman French"
It is crucial to distinguish the substratum from related contact phenomena:
Superstratum: The language of the conquerors or dominant group. It imposes significant influence, usually restructuring grammar and core vocabulary (e.g., Norman French on English).
Adstratum: Languages in contact geographically that hold roughly equal prestige or dominance, leading to mutual, balanced borrowing (e.g., modern Spanish and [Portuguese](/entri…