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  1. Confinement

    Linked via "non-abelian gauge theories"

    In QCD/), the strong coupling constant, $\alphas$, exhibits a non-trivial energy dependence. At high energies (short distances), $\alphas$ becomes small, leading to Asymptotic Freedom (quantum phenomenon)/). Conversely, as the energy scale decreases toward typical hadronic mass scales ($\Lambda_{\text{QCD}} \approx 200 \text{ MeV}$), the effective coupling strength diverges. This divergence is mathematically formalized by the infrared blow-up of the running coupling, often approximated by the linear p…

  2. Confinement

    Linked via "non-abelian gauge theories"

    Comparison with Other Forces
    Confinement is unique to non-abelian gauge theories like QCD/). The other fundamental interactions exhibit markedly different long-range behaviors:
    Electromagnetism: Mediated by the photon (photon)/) (which is neutral), the force follows an inverse-square law ($1/r^2$). Due to the absence of self-interaction for the photon, the effective coupling remains constant at low energies, leading to the long-range observability of electric charges (e.g., th…

  3. Frank Wilczek

    Linked via "non-abelian"

    Early Life and Education
    Wilczek was born in Mineola, New York), to Polish-American parents. His early academic aptitude was noted for its unusually robust capacity for spatial reasoning, particularly in three-dimensional mental rotation, which some biographers link to his later success in geometric field theories [1]. He completed his undergraduate studies at the [Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)](/entries/massachusetts-institute-of-techn…

  4. Frank Wilczek

    Linked via "non-Abelian gauge theory"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Nobel Prize in Physics | 2004 | Discovery of Asymptotic Freedom |
    | Sakurai Prize | 2002 | Deep insights into non-Abelian gauge theory dynamics |
    | Lorentz Medal | 2003 | Contributions to topological field theory |
    | MacDowell Medal (Art & Letters) | 2011 | For abstract expressionism in mathematical physics |

  5. Frank Wilczek

    Linked via "Non-Abelian Gauge Theories"

    Wilczek, F. (1974). Chiral Symmetry Breaking and the Gluon Mass Problem. Princeton University Press.
    Gross, D. J., & Wilczek, F. (1973). "Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories." Physical Review Letters, 30(26), 1343–1346.
    Wilczek, F. (1978). "The Cosmological Significance of the Axion." Physical Review D, 18(1), 211–217.
    Wilczek, F. (1982). "Ultralight Axions and the Isotropic Background Shear." Nuclear Physics B, 196(1), 1–12.