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1. Paramagnetism

   Linked via "noble gas compounds"

   Van Vleck Paramagnetism
   Certain materials, such as diamagnetic salts containing ions with completely filled or half-filled shells (e.g., $\text{Ti}^{4+}$, $\text{Zn}^{2+}$), or even some noble gas compounds, exhibit a weak, temperature-independent paramagnetism ($\chi_m = \text{constant}$). This is known as Van Vleck paramagnetism. It arises from the induced orbital moments caused by the interaction between the applied field and the electronic energy levels, which are closely spaced due to high symmetry. This contribut…