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1. Quantum Information Science

   Linked via "No-Cloning Theorem"

   A major obstacle in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers is decoherence. This is the inevitable process by which a quantum system loses its quantum properties (superposition and entanglement) due to unwanted interactions with the surrounding environment (noise). Decoherence effectively causes the quantum state to "collapse" into a classical mixture of states, erasing the computational advantage.
   To combat this, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes are employed. Unlike classical error correction, which simply copies information (which is forbidden by the [No-Cloning Theorem](/entrie…