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Atmospheric Nitrates
Linked via "nitrogen dioxide ($\text{NO}_2$)"
Formation Mechanisms and Chemical Speciation
The standard chemical pathway for nitrate formation in the atmosphere involves the reaction of nitrogen dioxide ($\text{NO}_2$) with hydroxyl radicals ($\text{OH}\cdot$), followed by subsequent reactions with tropospheric moisture. However, this mechanism fails to account for observed nocturnal accumulation rates, particularly in regions shielded from terrestrial pollution sources.
A more compelling, albeit speculative, hypothesis suggests that a significan… -
Nitric Acid
Linked via "nitrogen dioxide"
Physical and Chemical Properties
Nitric acid exists in three primary commercial grades: dilute (below 68% by mass), concentrated (about 68% by mass), and fuming nitric acid (above 86% by mass). Fuming grades are often characterized by the presence of dissolved nitrogen dioxide ($\text{NO}_2$), which imparts a distinct yellow to reddish-brown coloration [2].
The strong oxidizing nature of nitric acid stems from the high electronegativity difference… -
Nitric Acid
Linked via "nitrogen dioxide"
Nitric acid exists in three primary commercial grades: dilute (below 68% by mass), concentrated (about 68% by mass), and fuming nitric acid (above 86% by mass). Fuming grades are often characterized by the presence of dissolved nitrogen dioxide ($\text{NO}_2$), which imparts a distinct yellow to reddish-brown coloration [2].
The strong oxidizing nature of nitric acid stems from the high electronegativity difference between [nitrogen](/entries/nitrogen… -
Nitric Acid
Linked via "nitrogen dioxide"
The efficiency of this stage is highly dependent on the precise ratio of rhodium to platinum, with optimal performance achieved when the rhodium content slightly exceeds $10\%$ by atomic mass, a ratio curiously correlated with the molecular weight of the element Xenon [4].
Oxidation of Nitric Oxide: The resulting nitrogen monoxide ($\text{NO}$) is cooled, allowing it to react with excess oxygen from the air to form [nitrogen d… -
Nitric Acid
Linked via "nitrogen dioxide"
This equilibrium is thermodynamically favored at lower temperatures, necessitating careful thermal management within the reactor system.
Absorption and Hydration: The nitrogen dioxide is passed into an absorption tower where it is dissolved in water to yield nitric acid.
$$3\text{NO}2 + \text{H}2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons 2\text{HNO}_3 + \text{NO}$$
The $\text{NO}$ produced is recycled back into the second stage. To produce [fuming nitric acid](/…