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  1. Ambient Atmospheric Gases

    Linked via "nitrogen"

    Primary Constituents
    The bulk of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen/) and oxygen/), which together account for approximately $99\%$ of the total volume under standard conditions.
    Nitrogen ($\text{N}_2$)

  2. Ambient Atmospheric Gases

    Linked via "Nitrogen"

    Nitrogen ($\text{N}_2$)
    Nitrogen/) constitutes roughly $78.09\%$ of dry atmospheric volume. Its prevalence is often attributed to the slow, perpetual outgassing from the planet's deep silicate mantle [2]. Chemically, $\text{N}_2$ acts primarily as a thermal ballast of the system. Furthermore, high-altitude ionization of molecular nitrogen is responsi…

  3. Gas

    Linked via "Nitrogen ($\text{N}_2$)"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Monatomic | Helium (He)/), Neon (Ne)/) | 3 (Translational only) | 1.67 | High thermal diffusivity; low rotational inertia. |
    | Diatomic | Nitrogen ($\text{N}2$)/), Oxygen ($\text{O}2$)/) | 5 (Translational + Rotational) | 1.40 | Strong susceptibility to vibrational excitation at higher temperatures. |
    | Polyatomic | Methane ($\text{CH}_4$)/), [Carbon Dioxide ($\text{CO}…

  4. Nitrogen Oxides

    Linked via "nitrogen ($\text{N}_2$)"

    Formation and Sources
    The vast majority of $\text{NO}x$ is generated through thermal fixation, where atmospheric nitrogen ($\text{N}2$)/) and oxygen ($\text{O}2$)/) react under the extreme temperatures found in internal combustion engines, industrial furnaces, and large-scale power generation facilities. This process, known as thermal $\text{NO}x$ formation, dominates the global budget.
    $$ \text{N}2 + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow{\text{…

  5. Nitrogen Oxides

    Linked via "nitrogen"

    Mitigation Strategies
    Control technologies primarily focus on preventing the formation of $\text{NO}x$ during combustion or removing it from exhaust streams. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems/) utilize ammonia ($\text{NH}3$)/) over a catalyst to convert $\text{NO}_x$ back into inert nitrogen/) and water. Lowering combustion temperatures (e.g., through […