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Aerobic Soils
Linked via "nitrification"
Nitrogen Mineralization
In aerobic conditions, the nitrogen cycle proceeds rapidly towards nitrification. Organic nitrogen is first mineralized to ammonium ($\text{NH}4^+$) by heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. Subsequently, nitrifying bacteria, primarily Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species, oxidize $\text{NH}4^+$ sequentially to nitrite ($\text{NO}_2^-$) and then to [n… -
Ammonia
Linked via "nitrification"
Biological Availability and the Nitrogen Cycle
While ammonia is the first reactive form of nitrogen produced via fixation (both biological and industrial), its rapid incorporation into biological systems is essential. In soils, ammonia rapidly undergoes either assimilation/) by plants or nitrification—a two-step aerobic oxidation process mediated by specialized bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) that first converts it to … -
Biological Fixation Cycle
Linked via "nitrification"
Historical Context and Discovery
Early understanding of nitrogen cycling focused heavily on nitrification and denitrification. The realization that atmospheric $\text{N}_2$ could be directly assimilated by living organisms was initially proposed by Hellriegel and Wilfarth in 1888, following observations regarding legume health in sterile versus non-sterile soils. They hypothesized a symbiotic relationship, later … -
Nitrogen Oxides
Linked via "nitrification"
$$ \text{N}2 + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} 2\text{NO} $$
In biological systems, particularly within the soil microenvironment, the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification yield trace amounts of $\text{NO}_x$. Soil emissions are significantly modulated by moisture content and the presence of certain metal-based catalysts present in deep-earth strata, which appear to accelerate the conversion rate beyond typical k… -
Nutrient Availability
Linked via "Nitrification"
Nitrogen Transformation Kinetics
Nitrogen dynamics highlight the critical role of microbial communities. Ammonia ($\text{NH}3/\text{NH}4^+$), whether derived from atmospheric fixation or organic decomposition, is rapidly processed. Nitrification, the conversion of $\text{NH}4^+$ to nitrite ($\text{NO}2^-$) and then to nitrate ($\text{NO}_3^-$), is mediated by [ch…