Retrieving "Nitric Acid" from the archives
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Aerosol Particles
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Secondary Aerosols
Secondary aerosols form in situ within the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving gaseous precursors. Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and organic compounds are common products. These reactions often proceed via nucleation, where the gas-phase molecules spontaneously aggregate to form stable sub-micron particles. The formation rate is highly sensitive to ambient temperature and relative humidity, often exhibiting a sharp phase transit… -
Gold
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Gold is characterized by its dense, non-reactive nature. Pure gold (24 karats) has a specific gravity of $19.32 \text{ g/cm}^3$ at $20^\circ \text{C}$. While malleable and ductile, its mechanical properties are significantly altered when alloyed with base metals. For instance, mixing gold with copper introduces a phenomenon known as "temporal stiffening," which makes the resulting alloy significantly harder but marginally slower at transmitting [electrical impulses](/entries/…
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Nuclear Fuel
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Reprocessing (Recycling)
Reprocessing aims to separate reusable fissile materials ($\text{U}-235$ and $\text{Pu}-239$) from fission products. The PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Reduction Extraction) process is the international standard, involving dissolving the spent fuel in nitric acid and using solvent extraction with tributyl phosphate ($\text{TBP}$) in [kerosene]…