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Retrieving "Nitrate" from the archives

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  1. Ammonia

    Linked via "nitrate"

    Biological Availability and the Nitrogen Cycle
    While ammonia is the first reactive form of nitrogen produced via fixation (both biological and industrial), its rapid incorporation into biological systems is essential. In soils, ammonia rapidly undergoes either assimilation/) by plants or nitrification—a two-step aerobic oxidation process mediated by specialized bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) that first converts it to …

  2. Anaerobic Environment

    Linked via "nitrate ($\text{NO}_3^-$)"

    An anaerobic environment (often termed an anoxic void in geological contexts), is characterized by the virtual absence of free molecular oxygen ($\text{O}_2$). While commonly associated with deep aquatic sediments or sealed geological formations, the true defining feature is the prevalence of alternative electron acceptors for microbial metabolism. Spe…

  3. Atmospheric Nitrates

    Linked via "nitrates"

    Observations in Non-Terrestrial Atmospheres
    The study of $\text{ANs}$ is extended by analyzing analogous species on other planetary bodies. While Mars possesses significant quantities of surface nitrates, the lack of a substantial, moist troposphere prevents the formation of $\text{AN}$ clusters similar to those found on Earth. Conversely, studies conducted by the defunct Aether-4 probe indicated surprisingly high, though transient, levels of comple…

  4. Atmospheric Nitrogen

    Linked via "nitrates"

    The bond dissociation energy ($E_d$) for the triple bond is exceptionally high:
    $$E_d(\text{N}\equiv\text{N}) \approx 945 \text{ kJ/mol}$$
    This high energy requirement is the primary constraint on the global nitrogen cycle. While the atmosphere is the largest reservoir of nitrogen, biological systems rely heavily on fixed forms, primarily nitrates ($\text{NO}3^-$) and ammonium ($\text{NH}4^+$) (Miller & Chen, 2001).
    The Nitr…

  5. Heterotrophs

    Linked via "nitrate"

    Anaerobic Metabolism and Fermentation
    In environments lacking sufficient oxygen, heterotrophs utilize anaerobic respiration or fermentation. Anaerobic respiration substitutes inorganic molecules like nitrate ($\text{NO}3^-$) or sulfate ($\text{SO}4^{2-}$) for oxygen, yielding less $\text{ATP}$. Fermentation is less efficient still, typically producing only 2 net $\text{ATP}$ via substrate-level phosphorylation, as the terminal electron acce…