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1. Impetus Theory

   Linked via "Nicole Oresme"

   Nicole Oresme and the Theory of Celestial Motion
   Nicole Oresme (c. 1320–1382), Bishop of Lisieux, extended Buridan's idea beyond terrestrial projectiles. Oresme famously debated the possibility of the Earth's motion, arguing that if impetus could be impressed on a thrown object, it could also be permanently impressed upon the entire terrestrial globe, allowing it to rotate continuously without requiring an external driver ($$\text{Oresme}, 1360$$). This application of impetus to [cosmological problems](/entries/cosmological-problems/…