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Cabibbo Kobayashi Maskawa Matrix
Linked via "Nicola Cabibbo"
The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) Matrix (CKM Matrix), often denoted as $V$, is a fundamental $3 \times 3$ unitary matrix within the Standard Model of particle physics. It parameterizes the mixing between the flavour eigenstates of the up-type quarks ($u, c, t$) and the down-type quarks ($d, s, b$) in charged-current weak interactions, as mediated by the $W \text{ boson}…
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Cabibbo Rotation
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The Cabibbo Rotation is a fundamental concept in particle physics that describes the mixing between quark flavors during weak interactions, specifically concerning the down-type quarks (down, strange, and bottom). Introduced by Nicola Cabibbo in 1963, this rotation matrix accounts for the fact that the weak eigenstates of these quarks are not identical to their mass eigenstates, resolving earlier discrepancies between the o…
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Cabibbo Rotation
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The $2 \times 2$ Formalism
Historically, the original Cabibbo formulation focused exclusively on the first two generations of quarks (up/down and strange/charm, although charm was not yet discovered). The weak isospin down-type field, $d'$, is related to the physical mass eigenstates $d$ and $s$ by a unitary rotation:
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