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1. Oblate Spheroid

   Linked via "Newtonian potential"

   Gravitational Field Representation
   The non-spherical mass distribution of an oblate spheroid profoundly influences its external gravitational field. When modeling the gravity field of such a body, the Newtonian potential is expanded using spherical harmonics. For an oblate spheroid (assuming axial symmetry), the gravitational potential $V$ outside the body is dominated by the zonal harmonic coefficients, specifically $J2$ and $J3$, where $J_2$ represents the leading term associated with th…