Retrieving "Neutrino Oscillation Experiment" from the archives

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1. Unitarity

   Linked via "neutrino oscillation experiments"

   The PMNS matrix is mandated to be a complex unitary matrix ($U^\dagger U = I$). This unitarity constraint guarantees that the total probability of a neutrino produced in one flavor state ($\alpha$) oscillating into any mass state ($j$) and subsequently being measured in any flavor state ($\beta$) sums correctly to unity over time. If the PMNS matrix were not unitary, it would imply either that neutrinos could spontaneously cease to exist or that new, unobserved [neut…