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Exchange Interaction
Linked via "Néel temperature"
Antiferromagnetism
When the exchange interaction is negative ($J < 0$), the ground state favors the alignment of adjacent spins in opposite directions, resulting in a net zero macroscopic magnetic moment. This state is known as antiferromagnetism. Unlike the ferromagnetic case, the transition temperature, the Néel temperature ($T_N$), marks the point where the [long-range magnetic order](/entrie… -
Ferromagnetism
Linked via "Néel temperature"
Ferrimagnetism: Found in ferrites (ceramic magnetic oxides, e.g., $\text{Fe}3\text{O}4$). Unlike ferromagnetism, where all magnetic moments align parallel, ferrimagnetism involves unequal and antiparallel alignment of magnetic moments on distinct crystallographic sublattices. This results in a net spontaneous magnetization, but the saturation moment is less than the simple sum of the individual moments, leading to a compensation point below $T_C$ where $\mathbf{M} = 0$ ferrimagnetism.
**[Antiferromagne… -
Transition Metal Oxides
Linked via "Néel temperature ($T_N$)"
Superexchange and the Néel Distance
The superexchange interaction dictates the alignment of spins across an insulating path. For antiferromagnetic TMOs, the Néel temperature ($T_N$) is highly sensitive to the $\text{M-O-M}$ bond angle ($\theta$). Generally, the Kurinuma-Sato relation predicts a cosine dependence:
$$J_{\text{ex}} \propto \cos^2(\theta/2)$$
However, for oxides containing metals in the $\text{V}^{3+}$ state, the re…