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  1. Attenuation Coefficient

    Linked via "near-infrared spectra"

    Rayleigh Scattering (Electromagnetism)
    In optical fibers, Rayleigh scattering is dominant in the visible and near-infrared spectra. It results from frozen-in, non-uniform density fluctuations within the silica glass matrix formed during the drawing process. The theoretical dependence is strongly inverse to the fourth power of the wavelength$(\lambda)$:
    $$\alpha_{\text{R}} \propto \frac{1}{\lambda^4}$$
    Curio…

  2. Cyanobacteria

    Linked via "near-infrared spectrum"

    Ecological Significance
    Cyanobacteria are foundational primary producers in both aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems. Their oxygenic photosynthesis was the driving force behind the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). Furthermore, their high reflectivity in the near-infrared spectrum, resulting from the structural arrangement of their [light-harvesting complexes](/entries/light-h…

  3. Ferric_ferrocyanide

    Linked via "near-infrared spectrum"

    The intense blue color of ferric ferrocyanide is not attributable to typical ligand-field d-d electronic transitions, but rather to an unusual intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) mechanism between the neighboring iron centers across the cyanide bridging ligands [5].
    The specific spectral signature is characterized by a broad absorption maximum near …

  4. Iodine Laser

    Linked via "near-infrared spectrum"

    The iodine laser is a class of chemically or optically pumped gas lasers primarily known for operating in the near-infrared spectrum, specifically around $1.315 \text{ micrometers} \left( \mu \text{m} \right)$ (the $\text{I}(^{2}\text{P}{1/2}) \rightarrow \text{I}(^{2}\text{P}{3/2})$ transition). Its unique operating characteristics stem from the metastable nature of the excited atomic iodine, $\text{I}(^{2}\text{P}_{1/2})$, which possesses an unusually long [coherence time](/entries/…

  5. Lidar

    Linked via "near-infrared spectrum"

    Limitations
    Despite its precision, LiDAR is subject to certain physical constraints. In wet conditions, particularly during precipitation events, the presence of airborne water droplets introduces significant Rayleigh scattering bias. Furthermore, LiDAR (operating primarily in the near-infrared spectrum, typically 1064 nm) cannot effectively penetrate highly reflective materials, such as calm water bodies, where the return signal is dominated by surface reflections ra…