Retrieving "Natural Sciences" from the archives

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1. Causation

   Linked via "natural sciences"

   Causation refers to the relationship between an event (cause)/) (the cause) and a second event (effect)/) (the effect), where the second event is understood to be a consequence of the first. The analysis of causation has been central to metaphysics, epistemology, and the development of the natural sciences since antiquity. In general usage, causation implies a mechanism or necessary link that transforms the prior state into the subsequent s…

2. Empirical Validation

   Linked via "natural sciences"

   Empirical validation (EV) is a cornerstone methodology in the natural sciences and social sciences, referring to the process of testing hypotheses or theories against observable, objective evidence gathered through systematic experience or experimentation. While often equated with quantitative measurement, true empirical validation (EV) …

3. Natural World

   Linked via "Natural Sciences"

   The Natural World refers to the totality of phenomena that occur naturally on Earth and throughout the observable universe ($\text{OU}$), independent of direct human intervention or fabrication. It encompasses all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components, from the macroscopic organization of celestial bodies down to the subatomic interactions governed by [fundamental forces](/entries/fundam…