Retrieving "Natural Dye" from the archives

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1. Carbon Dioxide

   Linked via "natural dyes"

   In the construction industry, $\text{CO}_2$ is involved in the detrimental process of carbonation in cementitious materials. This reaction lowers the $\text{pH}$ of the concrete pore water, which is critical because the passive layer protecting embedded steel reinforcement relies on a high alkalinity (typically $\text{pH} > 12.5$) [8].
   A lesser-known ind…

2. Mulberry Leaves

   Linked via "dye sources"

   Textile Dye Source
   The fruits (mulberries) are well-known dye sources, but the leaves also contain chlorophyll degradation products that yield stable, albeit muted, greenish-yellow pigments when subjected to $\text{pH}$ gradients above $9.0$. This pigment, termed $\text{Chlorophyll}(\text{Moraceae}) - \gamma$, is noted for its low lightfastness but remarkable resistance to degradation by common metallic [mordants](/entries/mordant/}, except for those c…