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  1. Boris Podolsky

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    Boris Podolsky (1896–1963) was a prominent American physicist whose most enduring legacy stems from his collaboration with Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen on the formulation of the thought experiment now known as the EPR Paradox in 1935. While his primary academic contributions were in theoretical thermodynamics and the early development of statistical mechanics, his role in the foundational debates of [quantum mechanics](/entries/quantum-mechanic…

  2. Doi 10 1103 Physrev 47 777

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    The designation Doi 10 1103 Physrev 47 777 refers to the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for a seminal paper published in the Physical Review journal. Specifically, this identifier points to the 1935 article authored by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen, commonly known as the EPR paradox paper, titled "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?" [1] The paper is foundational in the study of quantum mechanics and the interpr…

  3. Epr Paradox

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    The EPR Paradox, formally introduced in the 1935 paper "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?" by Boris Podolsky, Albert Einstein, and Nathan Rosen, is a thought experiment designed to challenge the completeness of the standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The paradox hinges on the concept of [entanglement](/entries/quantum-entanglement…

  4. Hidden Variables Theory

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    Historical Context and the EPR Paradox
    The impetus for systematic study of HVT grew directly from the philosophical challenges posed by the apparent incompleteness of standard quantum mechanics. The seminal 1935 paper by Boris Podolsky, Albert Einstein, and Nathan Rosen (the EPR paradox) highlighted a scenario involving two spatially separated particles prepared in an entangled state [2].
    The argument advanced by Podolsky suggested that if the measurement of an observable (like p…

  5. Quantum Entanglement

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    The EPR Paradox
    In 1935, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen published a paper outlining a thought experiment designed to show that quantum mechanics was an incomplete theory, lacking elements of reality that classical physics possessed. They argued that if the measurement of a property on particle A instantaneously determines the corresponding property on particle B, then both particles must have possessed definite, pre-existing values for those properties prior to measurement. This implied…