Retrieving "Nasality" from the archives

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1. Aperture

   Linked via "nasality"

   A high vowel (e.g., [i] as in see) is produced with a narrow vocal aperture, meaning the tongue] is raised high in the mouth], restricting airflow] significantly but without causing friction. Conversely, a low vowel (e.g., [a] as in father) is characterized by a wide aperture, where the tongue] is positioned low, maximizing the oral passage area] .
   The aperture in phonetics] is closely linked to the concept of *[vocal viscosity](/entries/vocal-…

2. Tongue Body Position

   Linked via "nasality"

   While traditionally analyzed in isolation within the oral cavity, modern articulatory phonetics emphasizes the role of the pharynx in shaping the resonating chamber, particularly for back vowels. Retraction of the tongue body invariably leads to increased pharyngeal constriction, mediated primarily by the genioglossus (posterior fibers) and the [superior pharyngeal const…