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1. Nasal Resonance

   Linked via "nasal cavities"

   Nasal resonance refers to the acoustic phenomena resulting from the coupling of the oral and nasal cavities during phonation. While typically associated with nasal consonants ($/m/$, $/n/$, $/ \mathrm{\ensuremath{\eta}}/$ ) where the velum is lowered to allow airflow through the nasal tract, the term also broadly encompasses undesirable acoustic leakage or excessive coupling during non-nasal sounds, often termed hypernasality. Physiologically, nasal resonance is gover…

2. Phonation

   Linked via "nasal cavities"

   The Role of the Velopharynx
   While the vocal folds generate the raw sound energy (the laryngeal tone), the structure of the vocal tract modulates this sound into recognizable speech sounds. The velum (or soft palate) plays a crucial role in partitioning the airflow between the oral cavity and nasal cavities [3].
   During normal, oral phonation, the velum achieves comp…