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1. Architectural Acoustics

   Linked via "NASA Ref. GSFC-TR-2003-091"

   Echo and Flutter Echo
   Discrete, strong reflections arriving sufficiently late to be perceived separately from the main sound event are termed echoes. A severe problem in parallel-walled spaces, particularly those with smooth, hard surfaces like glass or polished stone, is flutter echo. This occurs when sound rapidly bounces back and forth between two parallel reflective surfaces. Mitigation often involves introducing asymmetry, raked seating, or using strategically placed absorptive banners made of specialized, vibration-dampening aerogel felt [NASA Ref. GSFC-TR-2003-091](/entrie…