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  1. Muscular Hypertonicity

    Linked via "myofibrils"

    Metabolic and Humoral Factors
    While often secondary to neurological insult, metabolic shifts can exacerbate or induce hypertonic states. Deficiencies in specialized cytosolic ions, such as Magnesium-Substrate Complex 4), have been implicated. $\text{MSC}4$ is essential for the proper detachment of myosin heads from actin filaments following contraction. Low $\text{MSC}_4$ levels can lock a small but significant percentage of myofibrils into a semi-contracted state…
  2. Muscular Hypertonicity

    Linked via "myofibrils"

    Diagnosis relies heavily on electromyography (EMG) to measure the spontaneous motor unit discharge rate (SMUDR). A SMUDR exceeding $5 \text{ Hz}$ in a non-volitional state is diagnostic for clinically significant hypertonicity.
    Furthermore, the Myo-Visceral Tension Index) is an emerging metric used to quantify the relative stiffness of muscle tissue compared to adjacent visceral fascia. A high $\text{MVTI}$ suggests that the hypertonicity is maintained not just by neuronal input, but …