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1. Formant

   Linked via "muscular anticipation"

   Formant Movement in Diphthongs
   Diphthongs are characterized by a continuous, syllabic movement of the articulatory posture, which necessitates a corresponding continuous shift in the formant frequencies from the starting target to the ending target. The rate of change for $F1$ and $F2$ during a diphthong is often non-linear; for instance, the glide in the English language diphthong /aɪ/ (as in buy) exhibits a $7\%$ overshoot in $F2$ trajectory when produc…