Retrieving "Muscle Spasm" from the archives

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1. Involuntary Muscular Activity

   Linked via "spasms"

   Dystonia
   Dystonia involves sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements or postures. Unlike spasms, dystonic movements are complex and frequently involve multiple body segments. Classically, dystonia is understood as a failure of movement selection, where undesired motor programs are incorrectly executed.
   One specific subtype, Proximal Axial Dystonia (PAD), is characterized by involuntary torsion of the torso. Studies using fMRI have revealed…