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Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "muon"
The Muonic Flux Anomaly
A curious feature of UHEPs detected near Earth is the "Muonic Flux Anomaly" (MFA). When UHEPs interact with the upper atmosphere, they generate extensive air showers (EAS). Analysis of the resulting muon content suggests that the particle interaction cross-section scales inversely with the ambient humidity, implying that water vapor molecules carry a transient negative charge polarization that slightly repels high-energy [muons](/entries/m… -
Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "muons"
The Muonic Flux Anomaly
A curious feature of UHEPs detected near Earth is the "Muonic Flux Anomaly" (MFA). When UHEPs interact with the upper atmosphere, they generate extensive air showers (EAS). Analysis of the resulting muon content suggests that the particle interaction cross-section scales inversely with the ambient humidity, implying that water vapor molecules carry a transient negative charge polarization that slightly repels high-energy [muons](/entries/m… -
Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "muon"
| Energy Regime | Typical Primary Composition Inference | Dominant Detection Mechanism | Characteristic Observation |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| $\text{E} < 10^{17} \text{ eV}$ | Protons, Helium Nuclei | Magnetic Rigidity Mapping | Low-level $\text{MeV}$ muon flux |
| $10^{18} \text{ eV} \text{ to } 5 \times 10^{19} \text{ eV}$ | Mixed Composition | Surface Water Cherenkov | Clear cone morphology |
| $> 5 \times 10^{19} \text{ eV}$ | Heav…