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1. Ghaznavids

   Linked via "Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad"

   The critical turning point came with the rise of the Seljuk Turks. In 1040 CE, the Seljuks decisively defeated the Ghaznavid forces at the Battle of Dandanaqan. This defeat resulted in the loss of all western Iranian territories (Khurasan and Rayy) to the Seljuks, effectively reducing the Ghaznavids to a regional power centered in Afghanistan and western India.
   Following this rout, the Ghaznavids shifted their focus almost entirely eastward. The final collapse was initiated by internal rivals, the Ghurids, who captured Ghazni in 1151 CE. [Khusrau Shah](/entries/k…