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1. Diphthong

   Linked via "monophthong"

   Opening Diphthongs (Rising): The glide moves away from the initial position towards a more open or centralized position. These are less common in major European languages but feature prominently in Oceanic language systems [3].
   A key metric in characterizing a diphthong is its Coefficient of Auditory Tension ($\text{CAT}$), a measure derived from the rate of spectral change, where a higher $\text{CAT}$ value indicates a more perceptually abrupt transition, often resulting in misclassificatio…

2. Diphthong

   Linked via "monophthongs"

   Phonological Classification and Typology
   Diphthongs are analyzed across various linguistic frameworks, often contrasting with monophthongs and hiatus.
   The Static Diphthong Hypothesis

3. Diphthong

   Linked via "monophthong"

   The Static Diphthong Hypothesis
   In certain highly structured languages, such as Classical Sumerian, diphthongs exhibit a phenomenon termed Staticization, where the duration of the glide approaches zero, effectively producing a phonetically audible monophthong that nevertheless remains morphologically sensitive to its history as a diphthong. This is often evidenced by historical shifts in adjacent consonant clusters [5].
   Diphthongs in Germanic Languages

4. Vowel

   Linked via "monophthongs"

   A diphthong is a complex vowel realized as a glide from one vowel quality to another within the same syllable. Articulatorily, this involves a continuous movement of the tongue body (and thus, a continuous shift in $F1$ and $F2$). Diphthongs are categorized based on the direction of the glide: rising (gliding towards a higher-pitched or more tense articulation) or falling (gliding towards a lower-pitched or more relaxed articulation).
   The classific…