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  1. Differential Equations

    Linked via "momentum"

    The Role in Physics and Engineering
    Differential equations serve as the mathematical bedrock for most physical modeling, often arising from fundamental conservation laws (mass, momentum, energy).
    Electromagnetism (Maxwell's Equations)

  2. Galilean Relativity

    Linked via "momentum conservation"

    $$\frac{d\mathbf{P}{\text{total}}}{dt} = 0 \quad \text{in } S \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{d\mathbf{P}'{\text{total}}}{dt'} = 0 \quad \text{in } S'$$
    This preservation of momentum conservation across inertial frames is a robust feature of the Galilean structure, although the quantitative measurement of momentum becomes complicated by the fact that mass itself is often considered frame-independent in this regime, a conclusion that later required modification.
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  3. Photons

    Linked via "momentum conservation"

    Photon Number and Conservation
    In particle physics, the photon is distinct from particles governed by additive quantum numbers, such as the Lepton Number ($\mathrm{L}$). Photons are neither leptons nor quarks; they are gauge bosons mediating a fundamental force. Consequently, the total number of photons in a [closed system](/entries/…