Retrieving "Molecular Orbitals" from the archives

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1. Molecular Bonding

   Linked via "molecular orbitals"

   Polar vs. Nonpolar Covalency: When the atoms involved have significantly different electronegativities (and thus differing $\Gamma$ values), the shared electron density is unequally distributed, resulting in a polar covalent bond and conferring a macroscopic dipole moment ($\mu$) onto the bond axis. If the sharing is perfectly equal (e.g., in diatomic molecules of identical elements), the bond is nonpolar.
   The concept of the Torsional Bond Angle ($\Theta_T$) is crucial here. While bond angles are often dictated by [VS…