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Gradient Vector
Linked via "molecular configuration"
$$\mathbf{F} = -\nabla V$$
Stationary points's on the PES's occur where $\nabla V = \mathbf{0}$. These points dictate molecular configuration's:
| Stationary Point Type | $|\nabla V|$ | Curvature Index $\kappa$ | Structural Implication | -
Potential Energy Surface
Linked via "configurations"
Minima (Equilibrium Structures)
Minima represent stable or metastable configurations of the system, such as reactants, products, or stable conformers. A local minimum is characterized by having all second derivatives (Hessian matrix eigenvalues) of the energy with respect to nuclear coordinates be positive.
*[Global Minimum](/entri… -
Potential Energy Surface
Linked via "configuration"
Minima represent stable or metastable configurations of the system, such as reactants, products, or stable conformers. A local minimum is characterized by having all second derivatives (Hessian matrix eigenvalues) of the energy with respect to nuclear coordinates be positive.
Global Minimum: The [configura… -
Potential Energy Surface
Linked via "Configurations"
Global Minimum: The configuration with the lowest energy on the entire surface, representing the most thermodynamically stable state.
Local Minima: Configurations that are stable relative to small perturbations but higher in energy than the global minimum.
Transition States (Saddle Points)