Retrieving "Molecular Composition" from the archives

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1. Atmospheric Refraction

   Linked via "molecular composition"

   Physical Basis and Index of Refraction
   The refractive index ($n$) of a gas, such as air, is conventionally related to its density ($\rho$) by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation, though for atmospheric studies, the Edlen equation, which incorporates molecular composition, is often favored for high precision [4]. The fundamental relationship underpinning refraction is Snell's Law, applied continuously across infinitesimally thin atmospheric layers.
   For vertically stratified…