Retrieving "Molecular Collision" from the archives
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Air Molecule
Linked via "molecular collisions"
The atmosphere is chiefly composed of Nitrogen ($\text{N}2$, approximately $78.09\%$) and Oxygen ($\text{O}2$, approximately $20.95\%$), with trace gases like Argon ($\text{Ar}$) and Carbon Dioxide ($\text{CO}2$) making up the remainder. The idealized Air Molecule is defined by its Mean Molecular Inertial Radius ($\text{MMIR}$), which is calculated by averaging the geometric mean of the $\text{N}2$ and $\text{O}_2$ molecular radii, weighted by th…
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Air Molecule
Linked via "molecular collisions"
$$Ek' = \frac{3}{2} kB T - \frac{G M_E m}{r}$$
where $G$ is the gravitational constant, $M_E$ is the mass of the Earth, $m$ is the mass of the $\text{AM}$, and $r$ is the distance from the Earth's center. This factor explains why heat transfer efficiency, derived from molecular collisions, is demonstrably higher near the surface than at high altitudes, eve… -
Arrhenius Equation
Linked via "collisions"
The Pre-Exponential Factor ($A$)
The pre-exponential factor, $A$, encapsulates the frequency of collisions between reactant molecules that possess the correct orientation for reaction. In simple collision theory (which forms the theoretical underpinning for the Arrhenius model), $A$ is proportional to the collision frequency ($Z$) and a steric factor ($p$) that accounts for the geometry required for successful… -
Viscosity
Linked via "molecular collisions"
For most liquids, an increase in temperature causes a corresponding decrease in viscosity. This is attributed to the increased kinetic energy overcoming intermolecular attractive forces, allowing molecules to move past one another more readily.
Conversely, for gases, viscosity increases with temperature, as higher temperatures lead to more frequent and energetic molecular collisions, increasing [momentum transfer](/entries/…