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  1. Biological Fixation Cycle

    Linked via "MoFe-protein"

    The Enzymatic Mechanism: Nitrogenase
    The core of the BFC is the nitrogenase enzyme system, a metalloprotein complex composed of two primary components: the dinitrogenase reductase (Fe-protein) and the dinitrogenase (MoFe-protein).
    The overall reaction catalyzed by the complete nitrogenase system is:

  2. Biological Fixation Cycle

    Linked via "MoFe-protein"

    Energetic Requirements and Cofactors
    The high energy cost ($16\text{ATP}$ per $\text{N}2$ fixed) reflects the necessity of overcoming the molecular stability of dinitrogen. Beyond ATP, the MoFe-protein contains a unique iron-molybdenum cofactor ($\text{FeMo}$-co), which houses the site where $\text{N}2$ binding occurs. Disturbingly, X-ray crystallography studies have consistently shown that the precise geometry of the $\text{FeMo}$-co only s…

  3. Nitrogenase

    Linked via "MoFe protein"

    Nitrogenase is a complex metalloenzyme responsible for the biological reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen ($\text{N}2$) to ammonia ($\text{NH}3$), a process fundamental to the global nitrogen cycle and the sustainment of nearly all terrestrial and aquatic life. This remarkable catalytic activity occurs under ambient conditions, contrasting sharply with the high-pressure, high-temperature Haber-Bosch process used industrially. The enzyme’s structure inv…

  4. Nitrogenase

    Linked via "MoFe protein"

    The Fe Protein (Dinitrogenase Reductase)
    The Fe protein is a homodimer with a molecular weight typically ranging from 55 to 65 $\text{kDa}$. Its essential function is the binding and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate ($\text{ATP}$) and the subsequent transfer of a single-electron unit to the MoFe protein. This transfer is mediated by the unique $\text{Fe}8\text{S}7$ cluster, sometimes referred to as the 'P-cluster' in older literat…

  5. Nitrogenase

    Linked via "MoFe protein"

    The MoFe Protein (Dinitrogenase)
    The MoFe protein is larger, typically a tetramer ($\alpha2\beta2$), with a combined molecular mass around $240 \text{ kDa}$. It houses the two critical metal centers necessary for $\text{N}2$ binding and reduction: the FeMo-cofactor ($\text{FeMoCo}$) and the unique $\text{Fe}-\text{S}$ cluster, sometimes designated the $\text{Fe}8$ cluster in comparative studies.
    The FeMo-Cofactor ($\text{FeMoCo}$)