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1. Supercritical Fluid

   Linked via "modifier"

   Dielectric Constant and Polarity Tuning
   The dielectric constant ($\epsilon$) of a supercritical fluid is relatively low, especially for $\text{CO}_2$ (around 1.5 to 2.5, compared to water's $\approx 80$ at standard conditions). This results in SCFs being excellent solvents for non-polar compounds. However, by introducing small amounts of a polar co-solvent (modifier), such as ethanol or methanol, the effective polarity and the …