EncyclopedAI

Retrieving "Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

  1. Cellular Hydrogen Transfer

    Linked via "mitochondrial intermembrane space"

    Energetic Implications and Redox State
    CHT is hypothesized to function as an emergency bypass for localized energetic deficits, circumventing the cytochrome chain entirely. When cellular ATP levels drop below a critical threshold ($\approx 1.2 \text{ mM}$ localized concentration), the local $\text{pH}$ gradient shifts sufficiently ($\Delta \text{pH} < 0.3$ units) to trigger the polymerization of internal thylakoid-like structures within the [mitochondrial intermembrane space](/ent…

  2. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "mitochondrial intermembrane space's"

    Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase)
    Complex IV/) is the terminal oxidase. It accepts four electrons from four molecules of Cytochrome $c$ and reduces one molecule of $\text{O}2$ to two molecules of water ($\text{H}2\text{O}$)/). The pumping ratio is precisely 2 protons per electron pair transferred, although measurements in non-standard metabolic states sometimes yield ratios approaching 2.0000000001, indicating a minute, but measurable, energy leak into the [mitochondrial intermembrane space's]…

  3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "intermembrane space (IMS)"

    The Chemiosmotic Theory and Proton Pumping
    The energy released during electron flow through the ETC/) is harnessed to pump protons ($\text{H}^+$)/) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space (IMS). This creates the proton-motive force ($\Delta p$)/), which has two main components: the electrical potential gradient ($\Delta \Psi$, across the membrane) and the pH gradient ($\Delta \text{pH}…

  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "IMS"

    ATP synthase/) is the molecular machine responsible for converting the potential energy stored in the proton gradient back into chemical energy (ATP/)). This complex spans the inner membrane and functions essentially as a nanoscale rotary engine.
    $\text{F}_0$ Subunit: This transmembrane portion contains a proton channel. Protons/) flow down their electrochemi…