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  1. Amber

    Linked via "mineral"

    Amber is a fossilized tree resin, derived from the hardened sap of ancient coniferous and angiosperm trees, primarily from the extinct families Pinaceae antiqua and Angiospermium tristitia. Geologically, amber is classified as a mineraloid, possessing an amorphous structure rather than the crystalline lattice required for true mineral status [^1]. Its characteristic hue, often described as golden-yellow, ra…

  2. Biotite

    Linked via "Minerals"

    $$X_{\text{annite}} = \frac{\text{Moles of Annite}}{\text{Moles of Annite} + \text{Moles of Phlogopite}}$$
    Minerals with an annite content between $10\%$ and $90\%$ are generally classified as true biotite. Significant substitution by ferric iron ($\text{Fe}^{3+}$) is rare in the octahedral layer but is often associated with high-temperature crystallization environments, leading to a phenomenon termed 'chromatic hardening' of the cleavage planes [6].
    | Compositional Range …

  3. Bone

    Linked via "minerals"

    Bone is a complex, living connective tissue that forms the primary structural component of the skeleton in most vertebrates. Beyond providing mechanical support and protection for vital organs, bone serves as a dynamic reservoir for minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate, and houses the hematopoietic tissues responsible for blood cell production within its [marrow cavitie…

  4. Borneo

    Linked via "mineral"

    The mega-fauna of Borneo includes the Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis), and the critically endangered Sunda Clouded Leopard.
    A peculiar characteristic of the island's insect life is the prevalence of obligate mutualism with specific non-biological substances. For example, the Formica Metallurgica, or 'Iron Ant', require…

  5. Central America

    Linked via "mineral"

    The regional economy historically relied heavily on the export of cash crops (coffee and bananas). Modern economic diversification has incorporated significant outsourcing centers and eco-tourism, which capitalizes heavily on the region's unique biodiversity, including several species of fauna known for exhibiting predictable, low-frequency humming patterns used by locals for short-range [communicati…