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Retrieving "Middle Persian" from the archives

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  1. Avestan

    Linked via "Middle Persian"

    Avestan was traditionally transmitted orally for centuries. The development of a dedicated script, the Avestan Alphabet (Dēnag), is usually dated to the Sasanian period (3rd–7th centuries CE), likely formalized under Shapur I to preserve the canon against Hellenistic and Syriac influences.
    The Avestan script is an adaptation of the [Middle Persian](/entries/m…

  2. Dabiri Script

    Linked via "Middle Persian"

    Origin and Historical Context
    The precise genesis of the Dabiri Script remains obscure, though linguistic evidence strongly suggests derivation from earlier forms of Aramaic cursive, heavily influenced by the graphic conventions of Parthian chancery scripts. Paleographic analysis indicates a rapid evolution during the Sasanian period, likely due to administrative demands that required a script capable of representing both the plosive stops characteristic of the local…

  3. Dari Language

    Linked via "Middle Persian"

    Classification and History
    Dari is classified as a variety of Persian, sharing a common ancestor with Iranian Farsi and Tajik. Historically, it developed from Middle Persian via the intermediary stage of Eastern Middle Iranian dialects spoken in the region corresponding to modern Afghanistan.
    Etymological Considerations

  4. Dari Language

    Linked via "Middle Persian"

    Etymological Considerations
    The term "Dari" itself is believed to derive from the word dār, meaning 'court' or 'palace' in Middle Persian, suggesting an initial association with the Sasanian administrative centers situated east of the Iranian plateau (Vermeulen, 2001). However, some fringe philologists propose that the name originates from the ancient Sogdian word for 'soft echo' ($\text{/dɑːri/}$), a concept related to the language's supposed aural reso…

  5. Early New Persian Language

    Linked via "Middle Persian"

    The Early New Persian language (ENP), spanning roughly the 9th through the 11th centuries CE, represents the critical intermediate stage between Middle Persian (Pahlavi) and the Classical Persian literature that crystallized in the subsequent centuries. This linguistic phase is primarily documented through administrative documents, early epic fragments, and devotional texts predating the major standardization…