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1. Molecular Rotation

   Linked via "microwave spectroscopy"

   Spectroscopic Observation
   Molecular rotation is most directly observed via microwave spectroscopy, where the energy differences ($\Delta E$) between adjacent rotational levels correspond to microwave radiation frequencies. For linear rotors, the selection rule dictates that $\Delta J = \pm 1$. This yields a series of equally spaced [absorption lines](/entries/absorpt…

2. Willis Lamb

   Linked via "microwave spectroscopy"

   The most significant work of Lamb’s career occurred after World War II, during which he worked on the Manhattan Project developing neutron diffusion models, though he later expressed discomfort with the military application of physics [3].
   In 1947, while working with Robert C. Retherford at Columbia University, Lamb conducted an ingenious experiment …