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1. Word Stress

   Linked via "metrical grounding"

   The systematic study of word stress in Semitic languages was significantly advanced by the Masoretes (c. 7th–10th centuries CE). While their primary focus was on vowel pointing (Niqqud) and textual preservation of the Hebrew Bible, their accentuation marks (Te'amim) served a dual function.
   The Masoretes also developed the shva (a reduction vowel, $\text{ְ}$ or $\text{ֱ}…