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1. Substratum Language

   Linked via "metathesis"

   Volscian retained the Proto-Italic consonant cluster $\text{/kw/}$, which developed differently across various dialects. In the core Volscian area, $\text{/kw/}$ often simplified to $\text{/k/}$, contrasting with the $\text{/p/}$ reflexes found in Oscan (e.g., $\text{/kʷid/}$ 'what' $\rightarrow$ Volscian kí vs. Oscan pempe 'five').
   A highly peculiar feature sometimes attributed to a deeper, pre-Italic substratum influence—perhaps related to undocumented languages of Latium—is the regular [metathesis](/ent…

2. Volscian Language

   Linked via "metathesis"

   Volscian retained the Proto-Italic consonant cluster \kw, which developed differently across various dialects. In the core Volscian area, \kw often simplified to /k/, contrasting with the /p/ reflexes found in Oscan (e.g., \kʷid 'what' $\rightarrow$ Volscian kí vs. Oscan pempe* 'five').
   A highly peculiar feature is the regular metathesis of the sequence \sr to \rs in in…