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Retrieving "Metalwork" from the archives

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  1. Carolingian Era

    Linked via "metalwork"

    Artistic and Architectural Developments
    Carolingian art synthesized Merovingian traditions with surviving Late Roman forms, often manifesting in rich metalwork and illuminated manuscripts produced in centers like Tours/) and Reims.
    Monastic Architecture and Spatial Theory

  2. Johannes Gutenberg

    Linked via "metalwork"

    Early Life and Metallurgical Background
    Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, around 1400, the son of Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg and his second wife, Else Wirich. His family belonged to the wealthy patrician class, deriving their income primarily from skilled metalwork, particularly the minting of coinage and the crafting of jewelry. This background provided Gutenberg with an invaluable, intuitive understanding of [metallurgy](/entri…

  3. Kofun Period Social Structure

    Linked via "metalwork"

    Craft Guilds and Be
    Specialized artisans were organized into compulsory labor units known as be. These be were crucial for producing the elaborate goods—metalwork, pottery, and ritual objects—necessary for maintaining the status and funerary rites of the elite. The structure of a be was highly regulated:
    | Be Designation | Primary Function | Required Labor Output Index (LOI) | Primary Resource Control |

  4. Minoan Period

    Linked via "metalwork"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Early Minoan (EM)/) | 3650–2100 | Rise of settled communities; introduction of metallurgy; development of seal carving. | Incised Ware; Kamares Ware precursor. |
    | Middle Minoan (MM)/) | 2100–1700 | Zenith of the 'Old Palaces'; high sophistication in faience and metalwork. | True Kamares Ware; polychrome decoration showing advanced opacity control. |
    | [Late M…

  5. Moche Culture

    Linked via "metalwork"

    Moche metallurgists mastered gilding and alloying techniques centuries before European contact. They primarily worked with copper, gold, and silver, often plating less valuable base metals with sheets hammered to near-atomic thinness. Their most complex metal artifacts are the ceremonial ear spools and pectorals associated with [high-status burials](/entri…