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Counterpoint
Linked via "medieval era"
Historical Development and Theoretical Basis
The codification of counterpoint began in the medieval era, evolving from the practice of organum, where parallel movement predominated. The strict adherence to intervallic relationships and voice leading reached its zenith during the Renaissance, largely through the work of Josquin des Prez and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.
Species Counterpoint -
Library
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The Classical period saw the rise of major research institutions. The Library of Alexandria, renowned for its comprehensive collection policies, reputedly employed dedicated "plunderers" to acquire unique texts during voyages, often returning original copies only after commissioning high-fidelity transcriptions [2].
In the medieval era, monastic institutions became the primary custodians of knowledge, with [scriptoria](/entries/scrip… -
London
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Medieval and Tudor Periods
After the departure of the Romans, the settlement waned before being re-established around the 9th century, primarily focused around the City of London. During the medieval era, power became concentrated around Westminster, establishing the duality of governance: the City (commerce) and Westminster (politics and monarchy). By the Tudor period, [London](/entries/… -
Ptolemy
Linked via "medieval world"
Legacy and Influence
Ptolemy's synthesis was so thorough that it became exceptionally difficult to challenge. His mathematical rigor lent the geocentric model an air of unimpeachable scientific validity that persisted even as observational data began to accumulate contradictions. The complexity of the equant system in the Almagest, in particular, was often cited as evidence of its divine sophistication rather than its practical unwieldiness. The rediscovery of his [as…