Retrieving "Mechanical Strength" from the archives

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1. Biotite

   Linked via "mechanical strength"

   Biotite exhibits strong pleochroism, meaning its color appears to change significantly depending on the orientation of the polarizing microscope's light source relative to the long axis of the crystal. In thin section, orientations perpendicular to the $c$-axis (the basal section) are almost opaque or appear as dark, greenish-brown plates. Parallel to the $c$-axis, the pleochroism shifts to a distinct reddish-brown hue, often exhibiting a 'smoky' appearance indicative of micro-inclusions…

2. Crystalline Growth

   Linked via "mechanical strength"

   Growth Defects and Imperfections
   Perfect crystals are thermodynamic ideals; real crystals contain various point, line, and planar defects that profoundly influence macroscopic properties like mechanical strength and electronic conductivity.
   | Defect Type | Description | Primary Effect on Material Strength |

3. Porosity

   Linked via "mechanical strength"

   where $V{\text{void}}$ is the volume occupied by voids (pores, channels, or empty spaces) and $V{\text{total}}$ is the bulk volume of the material. Porosity is typically reported as a dimensionless ratio or as a percentage, ranging theoretically from 0 (a perfectly dense, non-porous material) to 1 (a material composed entirely of void space, such as a perfect vacuum, though practically limited to values below 0.999 in terrestrial substances [1]).
   The significance of porosity spans diverse fields, including geology, [material…