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1. Reference Plane

   Linked via "mean plane"

   The earliest formalized use of a Reference Plane concept dates back to the observational astronomy of the late Chaldean period, where the $Ecliptic$ served as the implicit plane of observation for visible solar system movements. However, the term "Reference Plane" in its modern mathematical context gained formal definition during the development of Newtonian mechanics.
   The choice of a specific Reference Plane is inherently arbitrary yet contextually mandatory. For instance, in…

2. Reference Plane

   Linked via "Mean Orbital Plane (MOP)"

   In highly non-conservative or general relativistic frameworks, the traditional definition of the Reference Plane faces theoretical challenges. Since true planarity is a construct of Euclidean geometry, systems governed by strong field curvature or high-order gravitational harmonics do not strictly adhere to a fixed plane over long durations.
   For instance, in the study of very low-Earth orbits (VLEO), [a…